{"id":19999,"date":"2022-06-15T18:44:54","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T16:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theoriginsearthblog.com\/?p=19999"},"modified":"2024-09-28T10:10:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T08:10:24","slug":"stop-aux-masques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theoriginsearthblog.com\/fr\/stop-aux-masques\/","title":{"rendered":"Stop aux masques, ce gros fl\u00e9au plan\u00e9taire"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stop aux masques, ce gros fl\u00e9au plan\u00e9taire<\/b><\/h2>\n

Une pollution loin des yeux des gens mais qui est bien r\u00e9elle<\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u2019est environ 500 milliards de masques chirurgicaux qui ont circul\u00e9 dans le monde depuis le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie, en 2020, et c\u2019est 3,4 milliards de masques qui, chaque jour dans le monde, sont jet\u00e9s sur les trottoirs, dans les parcs, \u00e0 la plage ou encore dans les champs et qui finissent dans les oc\u00e9ans.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En 2020, la Chine a export\u00e9 224 milliards de masques dans le monde, et il faut s\u2019attendre \u00e0 une production de 10 \u00e0 20% de masques suppl\u00e9mentaires d\u2019ici 2024 ce qui va provoquer encore plus de pollution plastique car ces masques ne sont pas fait avec du papier mais bel et bien avec du plastique malgr\u00e9 le fait que l\u2019on pourrait croire que ceux-ci sont fait en papier par rapport \u00e0 leur texture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a9 photo prise de Canva.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

De quoi les masques sont-ils compos\u00e9s?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ils sont principalement fabriqu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de polypropyl\u00e8ne qui est un polym\u00e8re fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du carbone et les masques ont 3 couches dont 2 couches de tissus et d\u2019une couche filtrante.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que le polypropyl\u00e8ne, exactement ?<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u2019est un polym\u00e8re hydrophobe (qui n\u2019est pas soluble dans l\u2019eau) qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point par le chimiste italien Giulio Natta dans les ann\u00e9es 1950.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est cr\u00e9\u00e9 par polym\u00e9risation de monom\u00e8res propyl\u00e8ne avec des catalyseurs qui sont des esp\u00e8ces chimiques qui favorisent la catalyse en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant la r\u00e9action chimique. Il fait partie de la classe des alc\u00e8nes (mol\u00e9cules qui ont une double liaison entre deux carbones) et a un point de fusion \u00e9lev\u00e9 ce qui lui procure une grande r\u00e9sistance chimique pour laquelle ce mat\u00e9riau est tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9 car il peut \u00eatre moul\u00e9 ou extrud\u00e9 pour la fabrications d\u2019objets ou pour la fabrication de textiles qui sont principalement industriels ou m\u00e9nagers comme les blouses, les combinaisons de peinture ou encore les masques chirurgicaux,\u2026<\/p>\n

Sauf que le polypropyl\u00e8ne n\u2019en reste pas l\u00e0, on le retrouve dans des pi\u00e8ces de voitures tels que les pare-chocs ou les tableaux de bord.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Egalement, il est int\u00e9ressant pour l\u2019industrie alimentaire car les emballages plastiques qui sont fabriqu\u00e9s avec du polypropyl\u00e8ne sont tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistants pour les fours \u00e0 micro-ondes ainsi que pour les lave vaisselle. Le probl\u00e8me est que la chaleur des micro-ondes provoquent la lib\u00e9ration de micro-plastiques qui peuvent s\u2019incruster dans les aliments et, ainsi, \u00eatre ing\u00e9r\u00e9 par les gens.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Un probl\u00e8me environnemental<\/b><\/p>\n

Selon des \u00e9tudes, les masques chirurgicaux en plastique conservent leurs capacit\u00e9s filtrants et seraient encore efficaces apr\u00e8s 10 passages en machine \u00e0 laver.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Autrement, les masques r\u00e9utilisables certifi\u00e9s permettent de remplacer le polypropyl\u00e8ne par de la fibre naturelle et de cr\u00e9er une fili\u00e8re de recyclage. Sinon, il y a encore les tissus lavables qui sont une tr\u00e8s bonne alternative aux masques chirurgicaux. Cependant, faut-il encore qu\u2019ils respectent les normes sanitaires demand\u00e9s par les gouvernements en mati\u00e8re de protection contre les agents pathog\u00e8nes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, le fait d\u2019utiliser des masques qui ne sont pas en plastique est une chose mais la majorit\u00e9 des personnes continuent d\u2019utiliser des masques en plastique qui sont un vrai probl\u00e8me environnemental. En effet, une fois que ceux-ci se retrouvent dans la nature et principalement dans les oc\u00e9ans, ils vont mettre plusieurs centaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es \u00e0 se d\u00e9composer, d\u2019abord, en micro plastiques puis ensuite en nanoparticules.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les nanoparticules seront ing\u00e9r\u00e9es par le plancton dont se nourrisse les poissons pour terminer avec l\u2019Homme qui est en bout de cha\u00eene. De plus, ces nanoparticules sont des perturbateurs endocriniens qui imitent les hormones naturelles et qui peuvent perturber le m\u00e9tabolisme tant chez les animaux que chez l\u2019Homme.<\/p>\n

Selon une \u00e9tude, 60% des poissons \u00e9tudi\u00e9s contiennent des micro plastiques, c\u2019est, ainsi, que l\u2019on voit que toute la cha\u00eene alimentaire est empaquet\u00e9e par le plastique mais pas uniquement d\u00fb aux masques mais au plastique de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Les masques viennent amplifi\u00e9s le probl\u00e8me de la pollution plastique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des oc\u00e9ans remplis de masques<\/b><\/p>\n

En 2020, plus d\u20191,5 milliard de masques se sont retrouv\u00e9s dans les oc\u00e9ans ce qui correspond \u00e0 6200 tonnes de d\u00e9chets plastiques suppl\u00e9mentaires. Sachant que chaque masque p\u00e8se entre 3 et 4 grammes cela am\u00e8ne \u00e0 6\u2019800 tonnes de masques dans les oc\u00e9ans. Un seul masque peut rel\u00e2cher pr\u00e8s de 173\u201900 micro fibres de plastiques par jour dans les oc\u00e9ans et si celui-ci est en contact avec le sable qui est plus abrasif, c\u2019est 16 millions de micro plastiques qui sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a9 photo prise de Canva.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\u00a9 photo prise de Canva.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Un danger pour la faune<\/b><\/p>\n

Les masques sont un v\u00e9ritable danger pour la faune terrestre ainsi que pour la faune marine. En effet, retrouv\u00e9s dans la nature, des singes peuvent s\u2019enrouler avec ou les mordiller, par exemple. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des animaux marins, certains peuvent confondre des sacs en plastique avec des m\u00e9duses ce qui est le cas des tortues marines qui seront susceptibles de les manger \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que cela fait partie de leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00a9 photo prise de Canva.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Chacun responsable<\/b><\/p>\n

Les humains se retrouvent pollu\u00e9s par des micro-plastiques dont ils sont les seuls responsables \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que ce sont eux qui les produisent et les jettent.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019elle pourrait \u00eatre la v\u00e9ritable solution pour stopper cette pollution plastique? La premi\u00e8re est de rendre les gens responsables de leur propre consommation pour qu\u2019ils puissent agir et changer leur habitudes afin de permettre une diminution du plastique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais la v\u00e9ritable solution vient des entreprises qui fabriquent les plastiques. C\u2019est \u00e0 eux de stopper leur production afin de permettre aux acheteurs de ne plus acheter et aux<\/p>\n

aux consommateurs de ne plus consommer pour ne plus polluer la nature qui n\u2019est pas une poubelle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est \u00e9vident que sachant les enjeux financi\u00e8res qui sont derri\u00e8re ces entreprises qui produisent des plastiques, il sera difficile d\u2019\u00e9radiquer la production de plastique mais cela reste tout \u00e0 fait encore possible. Il suffit de revoir toute la cha\u00eene car il est certain que tant que des entreprises continueront de fabriquer des mati\u00e8res plastiques, la pollution continuera.<\/p>\n

Tout le monde, sur cette plan\u00e8te, est responsable \u00e0 son \u00e9chelle, mais si les mati\u00e8res plastiques sont arr\u00eat\u00e9es d\u2019\u00eatre produites, il est certain que la pollution va finir par diminuer car il n\u2019y aura plus de demande car celle-ci aura chang\u00e9. Cela demande de mettre en place des alternatives aux plastiques et que ces alternatives soient durables et bien r\u00e9fl\u00e9chies.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00a9 photo prise de Canva.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les sources<\/b><\/p>\n

L’ind\u00e9pendant journal<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Huffingtonpost – France<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Maxisciences <\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ecotree<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zero waste – France<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Futura sciences <\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading Time: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>Stop aux masques, ce gros fl\u00e9au plan\u00e9taire Une pollution loin des yeux des gens mais qui est bien r\u00e9elle C\u2019est environ 500 milliards de masques chirurgicaux qui ont circul\u00e9 dans le monde depuis le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie, en 2020, et c\u2019est 3,4 milliards de masques qui, chaque jour dans le monde, sont jet\u00e9s sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":20006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9],"tags":[1340,42,1036,522,1339,1335,579,1336,686,1166,1338,585,1337,1145],"class_list":["post-19999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-covid-fr","tag-ecologie","tag-environment-fr","tag-environnement-2","tag-masque-chirurgical","tag-masques","tag-ocean-fr","tag-pandemie","tag-plastique","tag-pollution-des-mers","tag-pollution-des-oceans","tag-pollution-plastique","tag-protection-environnementale","tag-the-origins-earth-blog-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nStop aux masques, ce gros fl\u00e9au plan\u00e9taire - 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