{"id":15469,"date":"2020-05-01T10:00:22","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T08:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.theoriginsearthblog.com\/?p=15469"},"modified":"2022-03-20T12:47:12","modified_gmt":"2022-03-20T11:47:12","slug":"oryx-arabie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theoriginsearthblog.com\/fr\/oryx-arabie\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Oryx d’Arabie, une esp\u00e8ce class\u00e9e vuln\u00e9rable"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L\u2019Oryx d\u2019Arabie<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Sommaire<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • L\u2019origine de l\u2019article<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Taxonomie<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • L\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Alimentation<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Reproduction<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Conservation<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Conservation en Arabie Saoudite et au Qatar des oryx d\u2019Arabie<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • La liste IUCN<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n

    L\u2019origine de l\u2019article<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    C\u2019est lors d\u2019un s\u00e9jour aux Emirats Arabes Unis, en d\u00e9cembre 2019, que j\u2019ai eu l\u2019occasion d\u2019observer, dans un parc prot\u00e9g\u00e9 qui est le Dubai Conservation Desert Reserve, les Oryx d\u2019Arabie. En effet, \u00e0 part les voir en milieu prot\u00e9g\u00e9, il est difficile de les observer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage vu qu\u2019ils sont menac\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre chass\u00e9s par des braconniers. Donc, pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, des pays comme les Emirats Arabes Unis ont mis en place un plan de conservation des Oryx d\u2019Arabie ainsi que d\u2019autres pays de la p\u00e9ninsule arabique.<\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    <\/div>\n

    \"oryx<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n

    Taxonomie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Nom scientifique<\/strong>: Oryx leucoryx<\/p>\n

    Nom arabe<\/strong>: Al Maha<\/p>\n

    R\u00e8gne<\/strong>: Animaux<\/p>\n

    Embrachement<\/strong>: Chord\u00e9s<\/p>\n

    Sous-embranchement<\/strong>: Verterbr\u00e9<\/p>\n

    Classe<\/strong>: Mammif\u00e8re<\/p>\n

    Ordre<\/strong>: Cetartiodactyla<\/p>\n

    Famille<\/strong>: Bovid\u00e9e<\/p>\n

    Genre<\/strong>: Oryx<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n

    \"oryx<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n

    L\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    L\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie est un mammif\u00e8re \u00e9tant le seul \u00e0 ne pas vivre en Afrique contrairement aux autres esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oryx. Il fait partie des 4 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oryx et occupe principalement la p\u00e9ninsule arabique soit du nord du Koweit et de l\u2019Irak.<\/p>\n

    Caract\u00e9ristiques physiques\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Taille :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    160 \u00e0 180 cm<\/p>\n

    Hauteur au garrot\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    80 \u00e0 100 cm<\/p>\n

    Caract\u00e9ristique du corps :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Longues cornes<\/p>\n

    Poids :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    70 \u00e0 80 kg<\/p>\n

    Longueur de la queue :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    40 \u00e0 60 cm<\/p>\n

    Longueur des cornes :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    50 \u00e0 75 cm<\/p>\n

    Les\u00a0cornes sont incurv\u00e9es\u00a0et annel\u00e9es<\/p>\n

    Couleur du pelage\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Corps blanc, pattes noires, rayures noires sur les flancs\u00a0; t\u00eate blanche ray\u00e9e de noir\u00a0; queue blanche et noire<\/p>\n

    \n

    Alimentation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Cet animal herbivore se nourrit principalement de gramin\u00e9s mais il peut aussi s\u2019alimenter de feuilles, de bourgeons, d\u2019herbes et de fruits. C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tecter sur de grandes distances la pluie qu\u2019il va pouvoir se nourrir, ainsi, de nouvelles pousses.<\/p>\n

    Vivant dans un environnement sec que sont les d\u00e9serts, l\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie est capable de rester pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes sans boire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019eau qu\u2019il r\u00e9colte des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux dont il se nourrit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    \n
    \n

    Reproduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Vivant en troupeau de 60 individus, ils se reproduisent entre octobre et mai et ont une p\u00e9riode de gestation d\u2019environ 9 mois pour une naissance d\u2019un petit par femelle. La maturit\u00e9 sexuelle est de 2 \u00e0 3 ans d\u2019\u00e2ge de vie. L\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie d\u2019un oryx est de 20 ans \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage.<\/p>\n

    Leurs causes de d\u00e9c\u00e8s sont les combats entre m\u00e2les, les morsures de serpent, les maladies ou soit encore les noyades.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    <\/div>\n

    \"oryx<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    Conservation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Les b\u00e9douins de la P\u00e9ninsule Arabique chassaient l\u2019oryx, cette antilope, pour sa viande, sa peau, son cuir et ses cornes, il y a 40 ans de cela. Egalement, le plaisir de chasser a \u00e9t\u00e9 une raison \u00e0 son extinction en plus des autres cit\u00e9es. Mais son extinction s\u2019est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre Mondiale dans les pays tels que l\u2019Egypte, l\u2019Irak, le Koweit, le Y\u00e9men et la Syrie. En effet, dans les ann\u00e9es 50, les chasseurs dot\u00e9s de v\u00e9hicules et d\u2019armes \u00e0 feu modernes avaient la possibilit\u00e9 de les abattre \u00e0 distance ce qui \u00e9tait plus facile qu\u2019\u00e0 dos de chameau comme le faisait les nomades \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

    Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des forages de p\u00e9trole et donc de compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res, les chasses de loisir ont accentu\u00e9es son extinction en provoquant un des\u00e9quilibre et donc l\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage a vu son nombre diminu\u00e9 drastiquement dans les ann\u00e9es 60 et a compl\u00e8tement disparu, en 1972, avec l\u2019abattage du dernier oryx sauvage.<\/p>\n

    Cependant, des mesures de r\u00e9introduction de cette esp\u00e8ce dans plusieurs pays notamment \u00e0 Oman, au Qatar et aux Emirats Arabes Unis ont vu le jour et l\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie a vu son esp\u00e8ce devenir prot\u00e9g\u00e9e et cro\u00eetre en captivit\u00e9 pour atteindre un nombre de 850 individus matures.<\/p>\n

    En effet, c\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019organisation \u00ab\u00a0Fauna & Flora International\u00a0\u00bb sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la conservation de la nature que l\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie va voir son esp\u00e8ce \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par un lancement d\u2019une op\u00e9ration appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Op\u00e9ration Oryx\u00a0\u00bb dont le but est la pr\u00e9servation de cette esp\u00e8ce suivi d\u2019une r\u00e9introduction dans la nature. Dans un premier temps, l\u2019op\u00e9ration a permis de capturer un certains nombre d\u2019animaux m\u00e2les et femelles d\u2019un m\u00eame petit groupe dans la nature pour ainsi programmer des reproductions en captivit\u00e9 afin de perdurer l\u2019esp\u00e8ce tout en \u00e9vitant la consanguinit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    Cette op\u00e9ration Oryx est une r\u00e9ussite mondiale au niveau de la r\u00e9introduction au milieu naturel de celle-ci qui \u00e9tait \u00e9teinte et qui en fut la premi\u00e8re esp\u00e8ce de mammif\u00e8res a en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n

    Cependant, la r\u00e9introduction d\u2019oryx a motiv\u00e9 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du braconnage. En effet, dans les ann\u00e9es 90, \u00e0 Oman le nombre de cette antilope a baiss\u00e9 de 300 individus tu\u00e9s ou captur\u00e9s par des braconniers, et c\u2019\u00e9tait principalement des femelles et de leurs petits qui \u00e9taient convoit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

    Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des Emirats Arabes Unis, dans les ann\u00e9es 60, le souverain Cheikh Zayed a demand\u00e9 de capturer quelques oryx sauvages et de les amener \u00e0 Al Ain afin de les r\u00e9introduire dans les d\u00e9serts d\u2019Abu Dhabi afin qu\u2019ils puissent y vivre en libert\u00e9. Depuis, le nombre n\u2019a pas cess\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter pour arriver \u00e0 une population d\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie de 6\u2019000 individus.<\/p>\n

    A Duba\u00ef, c\u2019est la Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve (DDCR) qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme site prot\u00e9g\u00e9 de 225 km2 et qui est le seul endroit o\u00f9 les oryx d\u2019Arabie peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9s. Le but de la DDCR est d\u2019allier d\u00e9veloppement touristique et protection de la faune et de la flore des Emirats Arabes Unis.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Conservation en Arabie Saoudite et au Qatar des oryx d\u2019Arabie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    D\u2019autres pays de la p\u00e9ninsule arabique se sont mis \u00e0 mettre en place des programmes d\u2019introduction de l\u2019oryx, notamment en Arabie Saoudite qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait entre 1990 et 1995, l\u2019un dans une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e du nom d\u2019Uruq Bani Ma\u2019arid et l\u2019autre dans une r\u00e9serve du nom de Mahazat as-Sayd. Il est vrai que depuis la mise en place de ce programme, la population a augment\u00e9e de 400 \u00e0 700 individus entre 1997 et 2003.<\/p>\n

    Pour ce qui est du Qatar, une centaine d\u2019oryx sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans des conditions proches de celles \u00e0 la vie sauvage dans plusieurs parcs dans le pays notamment Shahaniya Wildlife Park, Ras Osheirij et Al Mas-habiyya.<\/p>\n

    \n

    La liste IUCN<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Pour \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme esp\u00e8ce vuln\u00e9rable sur la liste de l\u2019IUCN, il faut que celle-ci recense moins de 1\u2019000 individus matures mais soit bien au-dessus du seuil de 250 individus mature pour qualifier l\u2019esp\u00e8ce comme \u00e9tant en danger d\u2019extinction.Sa population \u00e9tant stable, actuellement, l\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une esp\u00e8ce menac\u00e9e et est, donc, inscrite sur la liste rouge de l\u2019IUCN en tant qu\u2019esp\u00e8ce vuln\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n

    Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la captivit\u00e9, sa population est non seulement bien prot\u00e9g\u00e9e mais les reproductions sont, \u00e9galement, bien g\u00e9r\u00e9es avec une estimation de 6\u2019000 \u00e0 7\u2019000 individus en semi-captivit\u00e9 dans les pays suivants: le Qatar, les Emirats Arabes Unis et l\u2019Arabie Saoudite. En outre, il y a environ 1220 individus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage dont 600 individus en Arabie Saoudite et 400 aux Emirats Arabes Unis. Il faudrait 1400 oryx d\u2019Arabie pour que cette esp\u00e8ce monte dans le classement de l\u2019IUCN et passer \u00e0 esp\u00e8ce \u201cpresque menac\u00e9\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n

    \"oryx<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Reading Time: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>L\u2019Oryx d\u2019Arabie Sommaire L\u2019origine de l\u2019article Taxonomie L\u2019oryx d\u2019Arabie\u00a0 Alimentation Reproduction Conservation Conservation en Arabie Saoudite et au Qatar des oryx d\u2019Arabie La liste IUCN L\u2019origine de l\u2019article C\u2019est lors d\u2019un s\u00e9jour aux Emirats Arabes Unis, en d\u00e9cembre 2019, que j\u2019ai eu l\u2019occasion d\u2019observer, dans un parc prot\u00e9g\u00e9 qui est le Dubai Conservation Desert Reserve, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[434],"tags":[1008,1010,1142,1138,1015,273,274,45,1156,769,30,194,257,466,859,1012,506,1017,1294,1009,1144,1147,1146,42,335,1007,522,1011,941,588,559,1209,73,461,1155,1149,1006,1013,1153,672,1216,1154,1105,1295,1145,1152],"class_list":["post-15469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecologie","tag-abu-dhabi","tag-antilope","tag-article-eco-responsable","tag-article-ecologique","tag-bedouins","tag-biologie","tag-biologiste","tag-blog","tag-blog-eco-responsable","tag-blog-voyages","tag-blogging","tag-blogueuse","tag-blogueuse-de-voyages","tag-blogueuse-suisse","tag-blogueuse-voyage","tag-desert","tag-digital-nomad-fr","tag-dubai-fr","tag-dubai-fr-2","tag-dubai-desert-conservation-reserve","tag-eco-blog-fr","tag-eco-bloggueur","tag-eco-journaliste","tag-ecologie","tag-ecologiste","tag-emirats-arabes-unis","tag-environnement-2","tag-espece-vulnerable","tag-influenceur","tag-influenceur-suisse","tag-iucn-2","tag-journalism-2-fr","tag-journalisme","tag-journaliste","tag-la-faune","tag-media-ecologique","tag-oryx-arabie","tag-peninsule-arabique","tag-projet-eco-responsable","tag-protection-de-lenvironnement","tag-reporter-fr-2","tag-suisse-media","tag-the-origins-earth","tag-the-origins-earth-blog-fr-2","tag-the-origins-earth-blog-fr","tag-voyages-eco-responsable"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Oryx d'Arabie, une esp\u00e8ce class\u00e9e vuln\u00e9rable - 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